{"id":1126,"date":"2021-07-22T16:50:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T14:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/?page_id=1126"},"modified":"2021-11-10T11:11:48","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T10:11:48","slug":"a","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/index.php\/a\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovn\u00edk pojm\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"hg-uid\" class=\"wp-block-htgb-block-glossary hg-glossary\"><div class=\"hg-glossary__header\"><div class=\"hg-search\"><input data-role=\"hg-search-input\" placeholder=\"Search the Glossary...\"\/><\/div><div class=\"hg-nav\"><a class=\"htgb_active_nav\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" href=\"#all\" data-name=\"all\">All<\/a><a href=\"#C\" data-name=\"C\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">C<\/a><a href=\"#D\" data-name=\"D\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">D<\/a><a href=\"#H\" data-name=\"H\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">H<\/a><a href=\"#I\" data-name=\"I\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">I<\/a><a href=\"#M\" data-name=\"M\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">M<\/a><a href=\"#P\" data-name=\"P\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">P<\/a><a href=\"#R\" data-name=\"R\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">R<\/a><a href=\"#S\" data-name=\"S\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">S<\/a><a href=\"#W\" data-name=\"W\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">W<\/a><a href=\"#Z\" data-name=\"Z\" data-role=\"hg-nav-selectable\" class=\"\">Z<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"hg-content\"><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">C<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Check box &#8211; Za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00ed pole<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00ed pole<\/strong> (anglicky <em>checkbox<\/em>, <em>check box<\/em>, <em>tickbox<\/em> nebo <em>tick box<\/em>) je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00fd u\u017eivateli umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e9st bin\u00e1rn\u00ed volbu, tj. volbu mezi dv\u011bma vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi. Lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi \u201eano\u201c nebo \u201ene\u201c na jednoduchou ot\u00e1zku.<br>Neza\u0161krtnut\u00e9 (vypnut\u00e9) za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00ed pole se zobrazuje jako pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd \u010dtere\u010dek \u2610, za\u0161krtnut\u00e9 (zapnut\u00e9) pole jako \u010dtvere\u010dek s \u201efajfkou\u201c \u2611. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edho pole je obvykle popisek, kter\u00fd informuje o jeho v\u00fdznamu. Zm\u011bna stavu za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edho pole se prov\u00e1d\u00ed kliknut\u00edm my\u0161\u00ed na pole.<br><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-1.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-1.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-1.png.\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><br>N\u011bkolik za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edch pol\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto sdru\u017eeno na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, a umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli prov\u00e9st n\u011bkolik nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch voleb. To je hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl proti p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010di, u kter\u00e9ho lze vybrat pouze jednu z n\u011bkolika vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed<\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Cloud computing<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Cloud computing<\/strong> je na <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet\">i<\/a>nternetu zalo\u017een\u00fd model v\u00fdvoje a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Lze ho tak\u00e9 charakterizovat jako poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb \u010di program\u016f servery dostupn\u00fdmi z internetu s t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 k nim mohou p\u0159istupovat vzd\u00e1len\u011b, kup\u0159. pomoc\u00ed webov\u00e9ho prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de nebo klienta elektronick\u00e9 po\u0161ty. Za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee slu\u017eba je placen\u00e1, u\u017eivatel\u00e9 neplat\u00ed za vlastn\u00ed software, ale za jeho u\u017eit\u00ed.<br>Principem u slu\u017eeb a produkt\u016f v cloud computingu je to, \u017ee u\u017eivateli prop\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon server\u016f. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech se tak d\u011bje formou specializovan\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, jejich\u017e nab\u00eddka se pohybuje od kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed p\u0159es syst\u00e9my pro distribuovan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty a\u017e po opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my provozovan\u00e9 v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d\u00edch, jak\u00fdm je nap\u0159\u00edklad eyeOS.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">D<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Dom\u00e9na<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Internetov\u00e1 dom\u00e9na<\/strong> (<strong>dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/strong>) je v informatice ozna\u010den\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na (identifik\u00e1toru) po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 do Internetu. P\u0159\u00edkladem dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na je z\u00e1pis <a href=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/betaz.cz\/<\/a><\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Drop Down menu list &#8211; Rozbalovac\u00ed seznam<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Rozbalovac\u00ed seznam<\/strong> (anglicky <em>Drop-down list<\/em>) je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u201ev klidu\u201c velikost jednoho \u0159\u00e1dku textu s okrajem. Kliknut\u00edm na n\u011bj lev\u00fdm tla\u010d\u00edtkem my\u0161i nebo kl\u00e1vesou se otev\u0159e seznam mo\u017enost\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho lze vyb\u00edrat. Na rozd\u00edl od kombinovan\u00e9ho pole neumo\u017e\u0148uje zad\u00e1vat vlastn\u00ed hodnoty.<sup> <\/sup><br>Pokud je seznam p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00fd, je obvykle vybaven posuvn\u00edkem. Kdy\u017e se zobraz\u00ed seznam voleb, lze vybrat jednu z nich kliknut\u00edm lev\u00fdm tla\u010d\u00edtkem my\u0161i nebo v\u00fdb\u011brem pomoc\u00ed kurzorov\u00fdch kl\u00e1ves a kl\u00e1vesy nebo kl\u00e1vesy . Po proveden\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru se rozbalovac\u00ed seznam znovu vr\u00e1t\u00ed do \u201epohotovostn\u00edho stavu\u201c, ale s vybranou hodnotou zapsanou v poli. Volbu lze obvykle zru\u0161it kliknut\u00edm n\u011bkde mimo oblast widgetu nebo stisknut\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy. <kbd>E<\/kbd><br><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-3.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-3.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-3.png.\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><kbd>sc<\/kbd>.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">H<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Hardware<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Hardware<\/strong> (z anglick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu \u201e\u017eelez\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed\u201c nebo tak\u00e9 \u201en\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed\u201c, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd hardware je pak \u201ecomputer hardware\u201c) ozna\u010duje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 fyzicky existuj\u00edc\u00ed technick\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de na rozd\u00edl od dat a program\u016f (ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako software).<br><\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">I<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Internetov\u00e1 dom\u00e9na<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Internetov\u00e1 dom\u00e9na<\/strong> (<strong>dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/strong>) je v informatice ozna\u010den\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na (identifik\u00e1toru) po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 do Internetu. P\u0159\u00edkladem dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na je z\u00e1pis <a href=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/betaz.cz\/<\/a><\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Internetov\u00e9 servery<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Internetov\u00e9 servery<\/strong> se mohou nach\u00e1zet p\u0159\u00edmo ve firm\u00e1ch, \u0161kol\u00e1ch nebo dom\u00e1cnostech, \u010dasto jsou v\u0161ak umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny do specializovan\u00fdch hostingov\u00fdch center, kde je zaji\u0161t\u011bn nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd dohled, z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed zdroje elektrick\u00e9 energie, klimatizace, vysokorychlostn\u00ed z\u00e1lohovan\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k Internetu apod.<br>Servery mohou b\u00fdt pronaj\u00edm\u00e1ny i \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 slu\u017eby (webhosting), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i jako virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, kdy jeden fyzick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vystupuje jako v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, ani\u017e si mohou navz\u00e1jem \u0161kodit.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">M<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">MS-DOS<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>MS-DOS <\/strong>(Microsoft Disk Operating System) je opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m firmy Microsoft, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed do rodiny mnoha podobn\u00fdch a kompatibiln\u00edch DOS syst\u00e9m\u016f pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010de IBM PC kompatibiln\u00ed. Prodej za\u010dal v srpnu 1981, jednalo se o p\u0159ejmenovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m 86-DOS zakoupen\u00fd od firmy Seattle Computer Products. MS-DOS byl d\u00e1le licencov\u00e1n firm\u011b IBM a distribuov\u00e1n pod jm\u00e9nem IBM\u00a0PC\u00a0DOS. Opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f IBM PC a kompatibiln\u00edch b\u00fdval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b MS-DOS nebo n\u011bkter\u00fd z jeho klon\u016f. Po roce 1995 byl vytla\u010den graficky vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Windows.<br>MS-DOS byl v roce 1995 integrov\u00e1n do syst\u00e9mu Windows 95. \u0158ada Windows NT ji\u017e MS-DOS neobsahuje, jeho prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pouze emulov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm NTVDM. MS-DOS verze 6.0 a 6.22 jsou st\u00e1le dostupn\u00e9 p\u0159edplatitel\u016fm MSDN. V roce 2014 Microsoft ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Computer History Museum zve\u0159ejnil zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy MS-DOSu 1.1 a 2.0, ov\u0161em pod licenc\u00ed znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edci jejich komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Voln\u011b dostupnou open source alternativou je FreeDOS.<\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Modem<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Modem<\/strong> je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro p\u0159evod mezi analogov\u00fdm a digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sign\u00e1lem. Modem je zkratkov\u00e9 slovo z v\u00fdrazu \u201e<strong>mo<\/strong>dul\u00e1tor <strong>dem<\/strong>odul\u00e1tor\u201c. Modemy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro p\u0159enos digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dat pomoc\u00ed analogov\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 trasy. P\u0159enosov\u00e1 trasa m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt telefonn\u00ed linka, koaxi\u00e1ln\u00ed kabel, radiov\u00fd p\u0159enos apod.<br>Typy modem\u016f:<br>modemy pro komutovan\u00e9 (vyt\u00e1\u010den\u00e9) p\u0159ipojen\u00ed do standardn\u00ed analogov\u00e9 telefonn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<br>termin\u00e1lov\u00e9 adapt\u00e9ry &#8211; TA n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e nespr\u00e1vn\u011b zvan\u00e9 \u201eISDN modemy\u201c pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed do digit\u00e1ln\u00ed telefonn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b<br>modemy pro pronajat\u00e9 propojen\u00ed bod-bod, linka typu dvou-dr\u00e1t nebo \u010dty\u0159-dr\u00e1t<br>modemy pro \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 kabelov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu &#8211; CableDSL<br>modemy pro \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 telefonn\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k internetu &#8211; ADSL<br>GSM, UMTS modem\/karta pro datov\u00e9 propojen\u00ed p\u0159es s\u00ed\u0165 GSM, UMTS viz GPRS, EGPRS, HSDPA<br>r\u016fzn\u00e9 radio modemy (pln\u011b duplexn\u00ed a poloduplexn\u00ed)<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">P<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d &#8211; Radio Button<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/strong> (anglicky <em>radio button<\/em> nebo <em>option button<\/em>) je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli vybrat jednu hodnotu z p\u0159eddefinovan\u00e9 mno\u017einy vz\u00e1jemn\u011b v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00fdch voleb. Nemo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru v\u00edce ne\u017e jedn\u00e9 z mo\u017enost\u00ed se p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d odli\u0161uje od podobn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00edho za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edho pole, u kter\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vybran\u00fd libovoln\u00fd po\u010det polo\u017eek (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1, jedna nebo v\u00edce) a kter\u00e9 lze vr\u00e1tit do stavu, kdy nen\u00ed vybr\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 polo\u017eka.<br><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek.png.\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><br>P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do skupin po dvou nebo v\u00edce volb\u00e1ch a zobrazeny obvykle jako sada kruhov\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u010dek ka\u017ed\u00e9 s popiskem; ka\u017ed\u00e9 kole\u010dko m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vnit\u0159ek bu\u010f nevypln\u011bn\u00fd (vypnut\u00fd, neaktivn\u00ed, nevybran\u00fd) nebo vypln\u011bn\u00fd \u010dern\u00fdm krou\u017ekem (zapnut\u00fd, aktivn\u00ed, vybran\u00fd). V r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 skupiny se jednotliv\u00e9 volby vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vylu\u010duj\u00ed; kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel vybere jednu volbu, v\u0161echny d\u0159\u00edve vybran\u00e9 volby ve stejn\u00e9 skupin\u011b se vypnou (ve v\u00fdsledku je tedy vybran\u00fd pouze jeden p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d). V\u00fdb\u011br p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de se prov\u00e1d\u00ed kliknut\u00edm my\u0161i na tla\u010d\u00edtko nebo na jeho popisek nebo pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky.<br>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vybr\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f ve skupin\u011b. Tento stav nelze norm\u00e1ln\u00edm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm prvku obnovit, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 jej doc\u00edlit pomoc\u00ed jin\u00fdch prvk\u016f u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">R<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">RS-232 S\u00e9riov\u00fd port<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\">Standard <strong>RS-232<\/strong>, resp. jeho posledn\u00ed varianta RS-232C z roku <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1969\">1969<\/a>, (tak\u00e9 <strong>s\u00e9riov\u00fd port<\/strong> nebo <strong>s\u00e9riov\u00e1 linka<\/strong>) se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Komunika%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_rozhran%C3%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">komunika\u010dn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osobn%C3%AD_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D\">osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f<\/a> a dal\u0161\u00ed elektroniky. RS-232 umo\u017e\u0148uje propojen\u00ed a vz\u00e1jemnou <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A9riov%C3%A1_komunikace\">s\u00e9riovou komunikaci<\/a> dvou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tzn., \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bit\">bity<\/a> p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch dat jsou vys\u00edl\u00e1ny postupn\u011b za sebou (v s\u00e9rii) po jednom p\u00e1ru vodi\u010d\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9m sm\u011bru. Na rozd\u00edl od s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 technologie <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethernet\">Ethernet<\/a> nebo rozhran\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USB\">USB<\/a> se tedy jedn\u00e1 o zcela bezkolizn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fyzick%C3%A1_vrstva\">fyzickou vrstvu<\/a>.<br>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b (<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010\">2010<\/a>) se v oblasti osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed RS-232 ji\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 definitivn\u011b ustoupilo a to bylo nahrazeno v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm <em>Univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm s\u00e9riov\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USB\">USB<\/a>). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v pr\u016fmyslu je tento standard, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jeho modifikace \u2013 standardy <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RS-422\">RS-422<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RS-485\">RS-485<\/a>, velice roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en a pro sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 rysy tomu tak bude i nad\u00e1le. Na rozd\u00edl od komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USB\">USB<\/a>, standard RS-232 pouze definuje, jak p\u0159en\u00e9st ur\u010ditou sekvenci bit\u016f a nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 se u\u017e vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi vrstvami komunikace. V <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Referen%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_model_ISO\/OSI\">referen\u010dn\u00edm modelu ISO\/OSI<\/a> tak p\u0159edstavuje pouze <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fyzick%C3%A1_vrstva\">fyzickou vrstvu<\/a>.<br>Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di b\u00fdv\u00e1 linka RS-232 vyvedena pomoc\u00ed konektoru <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D-Sub\">D-Sub<\/a> typu DE-9\u00a0M (samec), za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se tedy p\u0159ipojuje \u0161\u0148\u016frou s konektorem DE-9\u00a0F (samice). U star\u0161\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f byla druh\u00e1 linka vyvedena na konektor DB-25\u00a0M (ten doporu\u010duje p\u016fvodn\u00ed norma), pou\u017e\u00edval se nap\u0159\u00edklad pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modem\">modemu<\/a>. Elektricky jsou oba konektory shodn\u00e9 (u velk\u00e9ho je jen mnoho pin\u016f nevyu\u017eit\u00fdch), tak\u017ee se mohla p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt jednoduch\u00e1 pasivn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Redukce\">redukce<\/a> na DE-9\u00a0M a teoreticky i naopak. Pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch RS-232 k sou\u010dasn\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bu\u010f roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed desky, nebo p\u0159evodn\u00edky USB\/RS-232. P\u0159evodn\u00edky USB\/RS-232 maj\u00ed proti origin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201eskute\u010dn\u00e9\u201c lince RS232 v\u00fdrazn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed dobu odezvy, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch zp\u016fsobovat zna\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a\u017e nefunk\u010dnost. A\u010dkoliv modern\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed desky v\u011bt\u0161inou nemaj\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00fd port na zadn\u00edm panelu, mohou ho n\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u00edt vyveden na 10-pinov\u00fd konektor na jin\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b na desce (podobn\u011b jako \u201eintern\u00ed\u201c <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USB\">USB<\/a>).<br><img decoding=\"async\" data-srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\/330px-9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\/440px-9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg 2x\" width=\"220\" height=\"162\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\/220px-9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 220px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 220\/162;\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\/330px-9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\/440px-9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg 2x\" width=\"220\" height=\"162\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\/220px-9_pin_d-sub_connector_male_closeup.jpg\"><\/noscript><\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Radio Button &#8211; P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/strong> (anglicky <em>radio button<\/em> nebo <em>option button<\/em>) je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli vybrat jednu hodnotu z p\u0159eddefinovan\u00e9 mno\u017einy vz\u00e1jemn\u011b v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00fdch voleb. Nemo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru v\u00edce ne\u017e jedn\u00e9 z mo\u017enost\u00ed se p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d odli\u0161uje od podobn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00edho za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edho pole, u kter\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vybran\u00fd libovoln\u00fd po\u010det polo\u017eek (\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1, jedna nebo v\u00edce) a kter\u00e9 lze vr\u00e1tit do stavu, kdy nen\u00ed vybr\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 polo\u017eka.<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Radio_button.png\"><\/a><br><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek.png.\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><br>P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do skupin po dvou nebo v\u00edce volb\u00e1ch a zobrazeny obvykle jako sada kruhov\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u010dek ka\u017ed\u00e9 s popiskem; ka\u017ed\u00e9 kole\u010dko m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vnit\u0159ek bu\u010f nevypln\u011bn\u00fd (vypnut\u00fd, neaktivn\u00ed, nevybran\u00fd) nebo vypln\u011bn\u00fd \u010dern\u00fdm krou\u017ekem (zapnut\u00fd, aktivn\u00ed, vybran\u00fd). V r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 skupiny se jednotliv\u00e9 volby vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vylu\u010duj\u00ed; kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel vybere jednu volbu, v\u0161echny d\u0159\u00edve vybran\u00e9 volby ve stejn\u00e9 skupin\u011b se vypnou (ve v\u00fdsledku je tedy vybran\u00fd pouze jeden p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d). V\u00fdb\u011br p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de se prov\u00e1d\u00ed kliknut\u00edm my\u0161i na tla\u010d\u00edtko nebo na jeho popisek nebo pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky.<br>Na po\u010d\u00e1tku nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vybr\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f ve skupin\u011b. Tento stav nelze norm\u00e1ln\u00edm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm prvku obnovit, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 jej doc\u00edlit pomoc\u00ed jin\u00fdch prvk\u016f u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed.<\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Rozbalovac\u00ed seznam<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Rozbalovac\u00ed seznam<\/strong> (anglicky <em>Drop-down list<\/em>) je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 \u201ev klidu\u201c velikost jednoho \u0159\u00e1dku textu s okrajem. Kliknut\u00edm na n\u011bj lev\u00fdm tla\u010d\u00edtkem my\u0161i nebo kl\u00e1vesou se otev\u0159e seznam mo\u017enost\u00ed, ze kter\u00e9ho lze vyb\u00edrat. Na rozd\u00edl od kombinovan\u00e9ho pole neumo\u017e\u0148uje zad\u00e1vat vlastn\u00ed hodnoty.<br>Pokud je seznam p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00fd, je obvykle vybaven posuvn\u00edkem. Kdy\u017e se zobraz\u00ed seznam voleb, lze vybrat jednu z nich kliknut\u00edm lev\u00fdm tla\u010d\u00edtkem my\u0161i nebo v\u00fdb\u011brem pomoc\u00ed kurzorov\u00fdch kl\u00e1ves a kl\u00e1vesy nebo kl\u00e1vesy . Po proveden\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bru se rozbalovac\u00ed seznam znovu vr\u00e1t\u00ed do \u201epohotovostn\u00edho stavu\u201c, ale s vybranou hodnotou zapsanou v poli. Volbu lze obvykle zru\u0161it kliknut\u00edm n\u011bkde mimo oblast widgetu nebo stisknut\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy. <kbd>E<\/kbd><br><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-3.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-3.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-3.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-3.png.\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><kbd>sc<\/kbd>.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">S<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Server<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Server<\/strong> je v informatice obecn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, kter\u00fd poskytuje n\u011bjak\u00e9 slu\u017eby, nebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program, kter\u00fd tyto slu\u017eby realizuje. V unixov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech je p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako d\u00e9mon (anglicky <em>daemon<\/em>), v Microsoft Windows potom jako slu\u017eba (anglicky <em>service<\/em>).<br><br><strong>Internetov\u00e9 servery<\/strong> se mohou nach\u00e1zet p\u0159\u00edmo ve firm\u00e1ch, \u0161kol\u00e1ch nebo dom\u00e1cnostech, \u010dasto jsou v\u0161ak umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny do specializovan\u00fdch hostingov\u00fdch center, kde je zaji\u0161t\u011bn nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd dohled, z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed zdroje elektrick\u00e9 energie, klimatizace, vysokorychlostn\u00ed z\u00e1lohovan\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k Internetu apod.<br>Servery mohou b\u00fdt pronaj\u00edm\u00e1ny i \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 slu\u017eby (webhosting), p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i jako virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed stroje, kdy jeden fyzick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vystupuje jako v\u00edce po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky, ani\u017e si mohou navz\u00e1jem \u0161kodit.<\/dd><\/dl><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Software<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Software<\/strong> (t\u00e9\u017e \u010desky <strong>programov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed<\/strong>, n\u011bkdy ps\u00e1no t\u00e9\u017e po\u010de\u0161t\u011bn\u011b <strong>softv\u00e9r<\/strong>) je v informatice sada v\u0161ech po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch program\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bjakou \u010dinnost. Software lze rozd\u011blit na syst\u00e9mov\u00fd software, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje chod samotn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a jeho styk s okol\u00edm a na aplika\u010dn\u00ed software, se kter\u00fdm bu\u010f pracuje u\u017eivatel po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9ho stroje (viz embedded system).<br>Software je protiklad k hardwaru, kter\u00fd zahrnuje v\u0161echny hmatateln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti po\u010d\u00edta\u010de (elektronick\u00e9 obvody, sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148, grafick\u00e9 karty, atd.).<br>Jeliko\u017e software je zpravidla pova\u017eov\u00e1n za autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo, koncov\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 ho vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b licenc\u00ed od jejich autor\u016f.<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">W<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d<\/strong>je v\u00a0informatice ozna\u010den\u00ed pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed pro prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek (tzv. World Wide Web, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b WWW). Webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d dle pokyn\u016f u\u017eivatele (kliknut\u00ed na odkaz, zad\u00e1n\u00ed URL adresy) komunikuje pomoc\u00ed HTTP protokolu s\u00a0webov\u00fdm serverem a p\u0159ijat\u00e1 data pomoc\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00fdch zna\u010dek (HTML, XHTML, XML apod.) zform\u00e1tuje (vyrenderuje) a zobraz\u00ed na obrazovce po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<br>Textov\u00e9 prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de zobrazuj\u00ed str\u00e1nky jako text, obvykle velmi jednodu\u0161e form\u00e1tovan\u00fd. Grafick\u00e9 prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed form\u00e1tov\u00e1n\u00ed str\u00e1nky v\u010detn\u011b zobrazen\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f. Pro zobrazen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed str\u00e1nky, jako jsou Flash animace nebo Java applety, je t\u0159eba prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d doplnit o specializovan\u00e9 z\u00e1suvn\u00e9 moduly. Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed grafick\u00e9 webov\u00e9 prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de pat\u0159\u00ed (se\u0159azeny podle po\u010dtu u\u017eivatel\u016f): Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Opera, Maxthon a dal\u0161\u00ed. Mezi textov\u00e9 pak Links, Lynx a dal\u0161\u00ed.<br><br>\u00dakolem webov\u00e9ho prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de je z u\u017eivatelem zadan\u00e9 adresy (URI) z\u00edskat (st\u00e1hnout) a zobrazit webovou str\u00e1nku. Po zobrazen\u00ed mus\u00ed u\u017eivateli prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d umo\u017enit se str\u00e1nkou pracovat, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 rolovat (posouvat tak, aby byly vid\u011bt skryt\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti), umo\u017enit u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd vstup (webov\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159), zajistit b\u011bh JavaScriptu, kliknout na odkazy (tj. p\u0159echod na jinou webovou str\u00e1nku) a podobn\u011b.<br>Webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z grafick\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, renderovac\u00edho j\u00e1dra, b\u011bhov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro JavaScript a dal\u0161\u00edch softwarov\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad subsyst\u00e9mu pro s\u00ed\u0165ovou komunikaci). Grafick\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed je obvykle v podob\u011b okna, uvnit\u0159 kter\u00e9ho je zobrazena po\u017eadovan\u00e1 webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka. O vykreslen\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky se star\u00e1 renderovac\u00ed j\u00e1dro, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed zpracovat HTML a CSS data, podle kter\u00fdch rozhodne o rozlo\u017een\u00ed textu, obr\u00e1zk\u016f, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed odkaz\u016f atd. B\u011bhov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro JavaScript zaji\u0161\u0165uje b\u011bh speci\u00e1ln\u00edch naprogramovan\u00fdch \u00fasek\u016f k\u00f3du, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee na pozad\u00ed (bez z\u00e1sahu u\u017eivatele) zaji\u0161\u0165ovat dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti (typicky zm\u011bna \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky v z\u00e1vislosti na situaci a po\u017eadavc\u00edch u\u017eivatele).<br><br><\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"hg-letter-section\" data-role=\"hg-section\"><span class=\"hg-content__letter\" data-role=\"hg-section-letter\">Z<\/span><dl class=\"hg-item\" data-role=\"hg-item\"><dt class=\"hg-item-title\" data-role=\"hg-item-title\">Za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00ed pole &#8211; Check Box<\/dt><dd class=\"hg-item-description\" data-role=\"hg-item-description\"><strong>Za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00ed pole<\/strong> (anglicky <em>checkbox<\/em>, <em>check box<\/em>, <em>tickbox<\/em> nebo <em>tick box<\/em>) je ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvek grafick\u00e9ho u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed, kter\u00fd u\u017eivateli umo\u017e\u0148uje prov\u00e9st bin\u00e1rn\u00ed volbu, tj. volbu mezi dv\u011bma vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmi mo\u017enostmi. Lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi \u201eano\u201c nebo \u201ene\u201c na jednoduchou ot\u00e1zku.<br>Neza\u0161krtnut\u00e9 (vypnut\u00e9) za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00ed pole se zobrazuje jako pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd \u010dtere\u010dek \u2610, za\u0161krtnut\u00e9 (zapnut\u00e9) pole jako \u010dtvere\u010dek s \u201efajfkou\u201c \u2611. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edho pole je obvykle popisek, kter\u00fd informuje o jeho v\u00fdznamu. Zm\u011bna stavu za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edho pole se prov\u00e1d\u00ed kliknut\u00edm my\u0161\u00ed na pole.<br><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-1.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-1.png.\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/betaz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/obrazek-1.png\" alt=\"Tento obr\u00e1zek nem\u00e1 vypln\u011bn\u00fd atribut alt; n\u00e1zev souboru je obrazek-1.png.\"><\/noscript><\/noscript><br>N\u011bkolik za\u0161krt\u00e1vac\u00edch pol\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto sdru\u017eeno na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, a umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivateli prov\u00e9st n\u011bkolik nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch voleb. To je hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl proti p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010di, u kter\u00e9ho lze vybrat pouze jednu z n\u011bkolika vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><\/div><p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_regular_price":[],"currency_symbol":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1126","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"post_slider_layout_featured_media_urls":{"thumbnail":"","post_slider_layout_landscape_large":"","post_slider_layout_portrait_large":"","post_slider_layout_square_large":"","post_slider_layout_landscape":"","post_slider_layout_portrait":"","post_slider_layout_square":"","full":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Slovn\u00edk pojm\u016f - BetaZ.cz - 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